Myco-Chemicals and Teratogenic Activity of Wild Mushroom Trichaleurina celebica from Mt. Palali, Quezon, Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon Island, Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22137/ijst.2018.v3n2.03Keywords:
secondary metabolites, teratogenicity, Trichaleurina celebica, zebrafish embryoAbstract
Trichaluerina celebica or lateg-lateg among Ilocanos of the Philippines is a wild edible mushroom that grows singly or in clusters on fallen logs. This study determined the embryo-toxic and teratogenic effects of extract of fruiting bodies of T. celebica on the developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and elucidated the secondary metabolites. Extract at 2% or higher concentrations of T. celebica caused 100% mortality rate of zebrafish embryo with coagulation as the most distinct toxic effect. Embryos exposed at 0.5% and 1% concentrations showed delayed hatching process resulting to the presence of abnormalities. The distinct teratogenic effects of T. celebica were tail malformations, delayed growth, and head deformation. The effects were found dependent on the concentration and time of exposure. Further, the fruiting bodies of T. celebica contain alkaloids, fatty acids, triterpenes, sterols, steroids, anthraquinones, anthrones, and steroids. Altogether, T. celebica has promising bioactivities which can be utilized in the nutraceutical or pharmacological industry.References
Adewusi, S., F. Alofe, O. Odeyemi, O. Afolabi, and O. Oke. 1993. “Studies on Some Edible Wild Mushrooms from Nigeria: Nutritional, Teratogenic, and Toxic Consideration.” Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 43(2): 115-121.
Bustillos, R., Z. Paguio, D. Hermosa, and R.M. R. Dulay. 2016. “Philippine Coprophilous Mushrooms (Panaeolus antillarium and Panaeolus cyanescens) Exhibit Toxic and Teratogenic Effects in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo Model.” Advances in Environmental Biology 10(3): 75-80.
De Castro, M. E. G., R. M. R. Dulay, and M. L. Enriquez. 2016. “Toxic and Teratogenic Effects of Medicinal and Culinary Mushroom, Termitomyces clypeatus, Collected from the Termite Mound in Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines on Developing Embryos Of Zebrafish (Danio rerio).” Der Pharmacia Lettre 8(5): 237-242.
De Castro, M. E. G., and R. M. R. Dulay. 2015. “Toxic and Teratogenic Effects of Lentinus sajor-caju and Pleurotus ostreatus Ethanolic Extracts in Danio rerio Embryo Model.” International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy, and Allied Sciences 4(4): 2261-2269.
De Silva, D., S. Rapior, E. Sudarman, M. Stadler, J. Xu, A. Alias, and K. Hyde. 2013. “Bioactive Metabolites from Macrofungi: Ethnopharmacology, Biological Activities, and Chemistry.” Fungal Diversity 62: 1-40.
Dulay, R. M. R., S. P. Kalaw, R. G. Reyes, N. Alfonso, and F. Eguchi. 2012. “Teratogenic and Toxic Effects of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, (W. Curt.:Fr.) P. Karts. (Higher Basidiomycetes), on Zebrafish Embryo as Model.” International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 14(5): 507-512.
Dulay, R. M. R., S. P. Kalaw, R. G. Reyes, and E. Cabrera. 2014. “Embryo-Toxic and Teratogenic Effects of Philippine Strain of Lentinus tigrinus (Tiger Sawgill Basidiomycetes)
Extract on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos.” Annals of Biological Research 5(6): 9-14.
Forbey, J., A. Harvey, M. Huffman, F. Provenza, R. Sullivan, and D. Tasdemir. 2009. “Exploitation of Secondary Metabolites by Animals: A Response to Homeostatic Challenges.” Integrated Comparative Biology 49(3): 314-328.
Hanson, J. R. n.d. Natural Products: The Secondary Metabolites. http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/eBook/978-0-85404-490-0#!divbookcontent
Lindequist, U., T. Niedermeyer, and W. Julich. 2005. “Pharmacological Potentials of Mushroom.” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2(3): 285-299.
Maslang, J., C. Matias, M. Bungihan, M. Saludarez, D. Liday, H. Villanueva, M. Balonquita, F. Cabading, and S. Valdez. 2015. “Mycelial Propagation of Trichaluerina celebica with Analysis of its Secondary Metabolites, Nutritional Composition, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic properties.” Undergraduate Thesis. Saint Mary’s University.
Matias, C., J. Maslang, M. Bungihan, M. Saludarez, D. Liday, H. Villanueva, M. Balonquita, and M. Mariñas. 2016. “Isolation of the Cytotoxic, Angiogenic, and Anti-tumor compounds from Trichaluerina celebica. Undergraduate Thesis. Saint Mary’s University.
Oyetayo, O. V., A. N. Camacho, T. M. Apana, R. E. Baldomero, and M. Jimenez. 2012. Total Phenol, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Properties of Wild Macrofungi Collected from Akure Southwest Nigeria.” Jordan Journal on Biological Science 6(2): 105-118.
Romagosa, C., E. David, and R. M. R. Dulay. 2016. “Embryo-toxic and Teratogenic Effects of Tinospora cordifolia Leaves and Bark Extracts in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos.” Asian Journal on Plant Sciences and Research 6(2): 37-41.
Tiwari, P., B. Kumar, M. Kaur, G. Kaur, and H. Kaur. 2011. “Plant Screening and Extraction: A Review.” Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia 1(1): 98-106.
Valdez, S. J., and J. Maslang. 2015. “Morphological Characteristics, Molecular Profile, and an In-vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Trichaleurina celebica.” Undergraduate Thesis. Saint Mary’s University.
Zhong, J., and J. Xiao. 2009. “Secondary Metabolites from Higher Fungi: Discovery, Bioactivity, and Bioproduction.” Advances in Biochemical Engineering 113: 79-150.
